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Penmanshiel Tunnel is a now-disused railway tunnel near Grantshouse, Berwickshire, in the Scottish Borders region of Scotland. It was formerly part of the East Coast Main Line between Berwick-upon-Tweed and Dunbar. The tunnel was constructed during 1845-46 by the contractors Ross and Mitchell, to a design by John Miller, who was the Engineer to the North British Railway.〔''Report on the Collapse of Penmanshiel Tunnel that occurred on 17th March 1979'' by Lt. Col. I.K.A. McNaughton, 2 August 1983, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England.〕 Upon completion, the tunnel was inspected by the Inspector-General of Railways, Major-General Charles Pasley, on behalf of the Board of Trade.〔 The tunnel consisted of a single bore, 244 metres long, containing two running lines. During its 134-year existence, the tunnel was the location of two incidents investigated by HM Railway Inspectorate. The first was in 1949, when a serious fire destroyed two carriages of a south-bound express from Edinburgh. Seven passengers were injured, but there were no fatalities. The second incident occurred on 17 March 1979 when, during improvement works, a length of the tunnel collapsed. Two workmen were killed, and 13 others managed to escape. Later it was determined that the ground was not stable enough to excavate and rebuild the tunnel, so it was sealed up and a new alignment was made for the railway, in a cutting to the west of the hill. The tunnel was also affected by the August 1948 floods. The damage caused by these floods led to the abandonment of much of the railway network in the south east of Scotland.〔Thomas (1971)〕 ==August 1948 floods== On 12 August 1948, 6.25 inches (160 mm) of rain fell in the area; the total for the week being 10.5 inches (265 mm).〔 Rain falling on the Lammermuir Hills surged into the Eye Water towards Reston, and the channel could not accommodate all of the water. The flood water then backed up the tunnel and flowed to sea in the opposite direction, towards Cockburnspath. The tunnel was flooded to within two feet of the crown of the portal.〔Nock and Cross (1982) pp 87 - 88.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Penmanshiel Tunnel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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